The Effects Of Nutrition On Children And Adolescent s...

en s behavior? Nutrition plays a pivotal role in children and adolescent’s growth and development. It affects their ability to learn, function properly, and their behaviors. The brain and body both require proper nutrition in order to be healthy. Therefore, it is crucial to have an in depth understanding of proper nutrition in order to ensure children are functioning at their best. Studies show that children’s nutrition can directly affect their mental capacity. For instance, iron deficiencies decrease dopamine transmission, which negatively impacts cognitive processes. Lacking proper nutrition can cause deficiencies in vitamins such as thiamine, vitamin E, vitamin B, iodine, and zinc and minerals, which can also impair cognitive abilities and mental concentration. The four main dietary components known to alter children’s behavior are gluten and dairy, refined sugars, and caffeine. Gluten and dairy are natural dietary elements yet are still known to have adverse effects on bo dily functions. Refined sugars and caffeine are considered unnatural and too inhibit optimal functioning. These dietary components are found to result in unfavorable behaviors in children. These behaviors include tantrums, screaming, anger, restlessness, insomnia, and irritability. The primary causes of these negative behaviors reside in the diets of children and through the consumption of these mind-modifying foods. Amendments of diet can improve unwanted behaviors in children. Gluten, dairy,Show MoreRelatedLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 Pagesessay will describe child and adolescent behaviours reported in the media and will examine the link to development theories, learning styles and sociocultural influences on child and adolescent development. 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Abraham and Mira warnes in 1988 that health educators and health professionals should weigh up carefully the benefits of weight loss against the risks of inducing psychological disturbances such as eating disorders and adverse physiological side effects such as dieting and severe weight loss†¦(37)(ajn). Media has played a great role overRead MoreThe Maternal Mortality Of South Africa Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesgirls’ are HIV positive (Amnesty International 2014; DOH 2013a). KwaZulu Natal is the province with the highest prevalence of HIV at 37.4% for pregnant women (DOH 2013b). Hypertension and obstetric haemorrhage can be avoided through appropriate nutrition and dietary-related practices (Bradshaw et al 2008). In South Africa, one in three women have a mental problem during or shortly after the pregnancy period [Field Honikman 2015; Mental Health and Poverty Project (MHaPP) 2010]. This statisticRead MoreMalnutrition : A Common Problem1480 Words   |  6 PagesNepal Nutrition Section, CHD, DoHS, MoHP. (2004,p.5 ). Malnutrition is a very common problem in children under five years of age in Nepal and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality– accounting for more than half of all child deaths. The process of stunting occurs between conception and two years of age, and is an irreversible process. Furthermore, the population of Nepal, especially women and children, are affected by major micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition increases the

The Odyssey, By Homer - 990 Words

Throughout The Odyssey, Odysseus is described as cunning. His thoughts are always working towards the best outcome for himself and like a good chess play, he always remains one move ahead. Odysseus’ cunning can be observed through his interactions with the nymph Calypso in Book Five and the Phaeacian Princess Nausicaa in Book Six. During these interactions, Odysseus flatters the females and evokes pity for his suffering in order for the situation to work to his advantage. He is not always honest, but his command of language allows him to win people over with his lies. Odysseus wishes to get home as quickly as possible and is willing to lie and flatter to complete the journey. Odysseus has been trapped by the nymph Calypso for nearly†¦show more content†¦She offers Odysseus immortality which is not enough to make him stay. When Calypso questions who is more beautiful, she or Penelope, Odysseus is quick thinking and lies to the nymph in order to flatter her by agreeing that Calypso is more beautiful. He does this because the opposite answer may enrage the nymph or make her jealous, causing her to have a change of heart that would make his trip home more difficult. Next, Odysseus attempts to make Calypso feel pity for his struggles, telling her that if he has suffered plenty already and will endure more if he must. Odysseus effectively flatters the nymph and makes her feel pity for him. By evoking her emotions, he is able to guarantee Calypso will help him all she can on his journey home to Ithaca. Odysseus has to use this strategy again once he lands on the next island. After leaving the island of Calypso, Odysseus is at sea for nearly twenty days. Poseidon returns from a trip to Ethiopia and is enraged when he sees Odysseus floating for the island Phaeacia because Odysseus is fated to return to Ithaca after Phaeacia. Poseidon sends waves and a storm in order to disrupt Odysseus and when he is alone in the sea Athena inspires him to reach the P haeacia. Athena puts Odysseus into a deep sleep hidden within bushes once he reaches the shores of Phaeacia. When Odysseus awakens, he observes the Princess Nausicaa and her maids washing clothes near the river. Odysseus sees this as his chance to get to the leader

Intermediate Microeconomics It Application â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Intermediate Microeconomics It Application? Answer: Introduction A market is said to attain equilibrium at the time when demand as well as conditions of supply in the market aligns properly. Again, the equilibrium can also be considered to be a stable equilibrium in case if any alterations from the state of equilibrium automatically reinstate state of equilibrium. There are different forces that adjust for maintaining market equilibrium. Essentially, the current study elucidates illustratively stable equilibrium utilizing plain mechanisms of demand as well as supply. In addition to this, the study also explicates in detail the insinuation of market stabilization for an individual market as well as the entire economy is taken into consideration. Moving further, this paper also reflects stability in the Australian economy, depending mainly on the market economy. Fundamentally, the economy also deals with maintenance of stable circumstances if required. Conditions of Economic Stability Fundamentally, demand as well as supply curve explicates conduct of both purchasers and sellers in a specific market (Mankiw, 2014). Essentially, equilibrium along with stability in equilibrium is demonstrated in the figure numbered 1. Particularly, the demand curve replicated is also referred to as DD and the supply curve is referred to as SS in the present figure. Essentially, the initial equilibrium can be necessarily attained at a specific point in which demand as well as supply meets at a particular point, as in this case the point is E. In this case, P* is the point of equilibrium level of price that has the corresponding level of quantity is Q*. However, in case of digression from the position of equilibrium necessarily brings return to the point of equilibrium routinely, then in that case the equilibrium point E can be considered as a stable equilibrium (Mankiw, 2014). However, let consider that the price increases from P* to the point of P1. This increase in the level of price directs the way towards diminution of the overall quantity demanded. As such, demand lessens for two different reasons. The subsisting purchasers limit their overall demand. As such, for people at the edge, a slight increase in the price of a good makes it les affordable for the buyers who eventually leave the specific market. As a consequence, this generates excessive supply condition in the market. Nevertheless, in order to curb the excess amount of supply, diverse sellers might consider a descending revision in price in the particular market (Baumol Blinder, 2015). Thus, it can hereby be mentioned that price again gets back to P*. Let us hereby consider in this case that price decreases below the level of P*. Owing to low level of price, purchasers increase their level of demand (Baumol Blinder, 2015). Contrarily, lower level of profitability dampens the spirits of the producers and these producers subsequently lessen the amount of supply. There might be disparity between the amount of demand and supply and this might lead to excessive demand in the specific market. However, in order to equalise the overall demand with the present level of supply, price can be enhanced specifically. Thus, it can be said that adjustments need to carried out continuously till price level reaches to the level of equilibrium. Essentially, this can help in explicating process of attainment of stable equilibrium specifically in a free market (Baumol Blinder, 2015). However, it is important to evaluate aggregate demand (AD) as well as management supply (AS) for explaining the overall macroeconomic stability. As rightly indicated by Du Toit et al., (2014), macroeconomic consistency relies on different macroeconomic parameters. As such, aggregate demand (AD) as well as aggregate supply (AS) helps in the process of ascertainment of gross domestic product (GDP) in a particular economy. In this case, the economy is said to remain in a steady/consistent position in case if there remains stability in the level of both price as well as in come. Figure: Macroeconomic Stability Attainment of Stability in the Australian Economy Australian economy is capitalist in nature. The economic system along with major economic decisions of Australia is mainly driven by particularly market operations instead of process of central process of economic planning. Essentially, movements in price in regional as well as transnational market help in understanding price indication to diverse resource owners. However, this indication of price to different owners of resource founded help in satisfaction of obligations of the people and maximization of gains (Biondi Zambon, 2013). Let us say, share prices assist in carrying out investment pronouncements. Particularly, the overall consistency is necessarily for the Australian economy that is evaluated by assessing different indicators that include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as level of price. Gross Domestic Product Figure: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) trend in Australian economy Analysis of reports on GDP of Australia reflects a steady movement in the gross domestic product (GDP) in the past five to six years. Although fluctuations can be observed in the GDP, drastic alteration is not visible from the GDP trend (Bernanke et al., 2015). During the year 2006, the gross domestic product (GDP) was recorded to be necessarily USD 853.75 billion. However, this GDP has increased to USD 1204.61 as recorded during the year 2016. Nevertheless, the gross domestic product is recorded to be the highest during the year 2013. Thereafter, the GDP progressively decreases although no dramatic transformation can be registered. Level of Price Level of price in a particular economy is reflected precisely by the rate of inflation. Similar to GDP, the rate of inflation in Australia can also be considered steady and is said to have comparatively diminishing trend (Borio, 2014). Specific Instrument that can be utilized for stabilization During shocks in the business cycle, the government in Australia utilizes different policies of stabilization for reinstating consistency. However, the two primary instruments for stabilization include the following: Automatic Stabilizer as well as Discretionary Stabilizer (Mankiw, 2014). Automatic Stabilizer As rightly indicated by Boland (2014), automatic stabilization can be regarded as a mechanism of stabilization developed on the basis of government tax or else other forms of expends. Essentially, the automatic stabilizers, affects aggregate demand in a countercyclical manner without exerting influence on the federal treasures or else other federal policies. In essence, the government budget routinely adjusts and continuously switches between a deficit and surplus based on whether the entire economy is in the stage of economic boom otherwise economic slowdown. Diverse tax receipts counting PAYG, Goods and service tax (GST), company tax and many others are major instruments that can be utilized for automatic stabilizer (Nicholson Snyder, 2014). Discretionary Stabilizer Discretionary stabilizers are also referred to as structural stabilizer. In essence, discretionary stabilizer requires certain vital alterations in the budget of the government. Essentially, this consists of introducing a novel category of tax, enhancing or declining expends of the government in different areas such as education sector, infrastructure or else for defence purposes (Baumol Blinder, 2015). These discretionary stabilizers are necessarily used in times of severe depression or boom at the time when automatic stabilizers fail to stabilize the entire economy. Conclusion The current study analyses the specific idea of establishment of steady economic equilibrium with reference to both microeconomic as well as macroeconomic context. The study also helps in understanding microeconomic steadiness marketing into consideration constancy from the perspective of a single market whereas macroeconomic stability takes into account the entire economy on the whole. The level of constancy in the Australian economy is studied in this report. Analysis of the findings reveals that the nation Australia depends on particularly a free and capitalist system of economy. GDP as well as level of prices in the economy can be considered to be at a stable position. Nevertheless, in diverse stages of the business cycle, economic stability might drop, and subsequently government might intervene by means of diverse stabilization instrument. References Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015).Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Biondi, Y., Zambon, S. (Eds.). (2013). Accounting and business economics: Insights from national traditions. Routledge. Boland, L. A. (2014).Methodology for a New Microeconomics (Routledge Revivals): The Critical Foundations. Routledge. Borio, C. (2014). The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, 182-198. Du Toit, C. M., Du Plessis, A. P., Nortje, J. D. (2014).Fundamental business economics. Butterworth-Heinemann. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Nicholson, W., Snyder, C. M. (2014).Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Cengage Learning.

Central Role of Entitativity in Stereotypes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Central Role of Entitativity in Stereotypes. Answer: Introduction: Everyone has their own perception and thinking about a particular event. It is not necessary that every person perceive the similar events identically. There can be difference in the perception of different people. This is because perception portrays the thought processes of the person or it can be said that the way a person thinks is the base of what he will perceive about a particular event (Young, Hellawell and Hay, 2013). Perception designed the behaviour or the response of the person to a particular situation or stimuli. This is reason why behaviour and response of the person also differs with the difference in their personality and thinking. When many of the individual faces any situation, he used to organize the information he observes and then process it to take out an outcome. The difference in their process of aligning and assessing the information makes the people different (Walker-Smith, Gale and Findlay, 2013). There are many factors that can affect the change in perception of the people at personal life as well as on the workplace. These are the factors related to the vicinity environment of the people. As the environment changes, it may be possible that the perception of an individual towards a particular thing or event can also change (Gibson, 2014). The attitude and the behaviour of the person also results in biasness in perception. As the individual makes a perception about an event, they become bias as well. Some of the factors are discussed below that leads to distortion in the perception and biasness in the mature of the people (Broadbent, 2013): Selective perception is the first and the major factor that affect perception of the individual. Everyone receives large amount of information from the outside stimuli. It is not possible for the individual to observe everything or assesse very information (Slovic, 2016). Thus, the final behaviour of the person demands on what that person has selected to observe from the information. This selective information forms the selective perception of the person. At the same time, it is possible that another individual have selected different type of information from the same stimuli and thus have different perception from the first person (Krishna, 2012). Selective tendency lead to biasness because the individual used to observe the information according to his comfort and ideas. In this type of selection, the individual looks only for the information he believes in and thus leads to biased decisions. Another factor that can affect the perception of the individual is stereotype. It can be d efined as the generalized thinking that has been framed by an individual for a particular group of people (Chen and Tsai, 2007). When an individual judges a person belongs to a particular group than the shortcut method of stereotyping is used to make the perception. Stereotyping allow the people to manage the small amount of information available for a particular type of people. It is very simple method of evaluating others by looking for the characteristics of the group they belongs to. It is very common method to be used from making perception (Mancini, Longo, Kammers and Haggard, 2011). However, it is common does not mean that it can be accepted as the universal method and is always correct. It can develop errors or distort the perceptions from truth. At the workplace, stereotype develops negative results. This is because the whole group is perceived to be of a particular kind only by assessing or interacting with a particular person from the group (Spencer-Rodgers, Hamilton and Sherman, 2007). It is not necessary that the person can represent the whole group by his views. There can be different views and attitude of the people in a single group as well. Sometime the perception of the individual can be made only by judging only one traits of the person. This method of making perceptions is called Halo effect. It is the effect that results in perception by only one trait of the individual and assuming that the other traits are also associated with this trait only. For example, if a girl is beautiful and attractive, the boss perceived that she is intelligent and god performer (Hu and Lindemann, 2009). Later on he realized that he is not good in typing. This is the perception error he has in his mind because of the one trait of that girl that is beauty. Halo effect creates error in the perception nada los creates biasness (Hu and Lindemann, 2009). As in the above case, the boss thinks that beauty means intelligence which is the wrong perception. Beauty is diff erent trait and intelligence is very different. It is saying that first impression is the last impression. This is because when a person met another person first time, he perceives something from his personality and then it becomes his perception for that person for life time. This is not always true and thus first impression can also distort the person and create biasness. It is very difficult for the individual to change the first impression they had on another person. But that does not mean that if a person has been arrogant at the time when he was observed by another person is arrogant in nature (Sikdar and Mitra, 2012. It depends on the situation when the two people met or confront each other. There may be another reason behind such behaviour of the person. Therefore, making a perception only by judging the persons first impression is also wrong. Contrast effect can be learnt in this context of making perception. Contrast effects are the effects that are very different from the environment and draw the attention of other. This also helps in making or creating the perception for a person. Projection is another factor that can alter the perception of the people. The next factor that can be considered to have an impact of the perception is the projection. Projection refers to perceiving others as own. The people who believe in projection perceive the individual as what they like to perceive and what they are rather than whet that person is. This is a very wrong way of perceiving others as this have many errors. There are many implicit theories of individual that support them to have perceptions. These theories are made by tem only and this decides their way to perceive other person. These theories can be correct for one person but may get wrong for different person and thus create distortion in the perception (Nosek, Smyth, Sriram, Lindner, Devos, Ayala, Bar-Anan, Bergh, Cai, Gonsalkorale and Kesebir, 2009). Distortion in the perception is the very big issue and this needs to be overcome by the people in their personal as well as professional life. This is because distortion or wrong perception about any individual may lead to harmful effects for them. There are many ways in which an individual can improve or correct their perception process in their personal life. The first way is to improve self-perception. Self-perception is based on self-esteem and it is very personal that it cannot be judge as wrong or right (Hammi, Samp, Rmuzat, Auray, Lamure, Aballa, Kooli, Akhras and Toumi, 2014). The individual himself has to identify the negative and positive of his perception process and then try to overcome the negative part so that this factor may not distort his perceptions. Avoiding schemata is another way to resolve this issue. Schemata means the set of information perceived or observed by the person that becomes the basis for that person to perceive others. Following the pattern every ti me in perceiving others result in distortion and the individual should avoid this. There are many environmental factors such as society, family etc. that affect our thinking process and perceptions towards a particular event. It is very necessary fir the person to be critical in judging these social factors that affect the thinking. This is because these factors not only provide the positive perceptions but sometimes lead to develop negative perception that may be wrong. Sometimes, the people develop their own prophecies to judge anther individual. For example, there was a biology teacher in a school who belongs to China. Students thought that he would not be a good teacher as he does not know how to speak English properly (Pronin, 2008). This was a very wrong perception made by their own assumption that he belongs to China and cannot speak good English without actually experiencing his teaching. This made their perception wrong and distorted. Better communication and interaction ma king the people can resolve this issue. It is required by the people to communicate more with the people so that they can better judge them by assessing al their qualities rather than making assumptions. If two people properly interact with each other, they get to know each other better and make their perception by assessing the actual traits of the person. There will be no other environmental factor that can affect their thought process that time. If a person chooses his or her life partner, they took time to know each other rather then deciding after one meeting. This is because interacting and communicating with each there helps them to develop better understanding. It is not only in personal life but at the workplace also, this issue of distortion in perception generates. At organizational level, it is very important to have correct perception in order to make better decisions for the human resource of the organization. Any distortion in the minds of the manager about a person can lead to wrong decision of promotion or demotion and thus can affect a persons life very badly (Pronin, 2007). At the organizations, the management of the company has to take many decisions regarding training, promotion, Pay scale etc. this decision shouldnt be made on assumptions and should be made on assessing all the factors and the traits of the employees. The management should implement some of the strategies such as 360 degree analysis, interviews, and other evaluation techniques to judge the person. This is because these techniques where all the employees of the organization participate and all the factors of the organization are considered can only lead to bett er and efficient decision. An example can be taken in order to understand the concept better. Suppose, if a manager has to choose a team leader in his team. He used the method of stereotype and selected the person who belongs to an educated family to be a team leader. This is his perception that the person belongs to a good and educated family that means he can be a team leader but in reality it was not the case. After sometime the manager realized that another person of the same team is doing very good in his work and have all the skills of leading the team (Moore and Small, 2007). This suggests that assessing the skills of the person is required to take such decision rather than the perceptions. Perception are the part of an individuals personality and thus it is not necessary that every person always perceive things right. It is also not important that every individual behave similarly in every situation and perceive similar thing about a particular person. Distortion in the perceptions is very common practice but it should be removed by the people in order to take better decision about others. It can be concluded that every individual should assess the environment and other factors that can help in making perceptions of the people. References: Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Chen, C.F. and Tsai, D., 2007. How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions?. Tourism management,28(4), pp.1115-1122. Gibson, J.J., 2014.The ecological approach to visual perception: classic edition. Psychology Press. Hammi, E.E., Samp, J., Rmuzat, C., Auray, J.P., Lamure, M., Aballa, S., Kooli, A., Akhras, K. and Toumi, M., 2014. Difference of perceptions and evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder patients across psychiatrists internationally.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology,4(1), pp.22-29. Hu, G. and Lindemann, S., 2009. Stereotypes of Cantonese English, apparent native/non-native status, and their effect on non-native English speakers perception.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development,30(3), pp.253-269. Krishna, A., 2012. An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior.Journal of Consumer Psychology,22(3), pp.332-351. Mancini, F., Longo, M.R., Kammers, M.P. and Haggard, P., 2011. Visual distortion of body size modulates pain perception.Psychological Science,22(3), pp.325-330. Moore, D.A. and Small, D.A., 2007. Error and bias in comparative judgment: on being both better and worse than we think we are.Journal of personality and social psychology,92(6), p.972. Nosek, B.A., Smyth, F.L., Sriram, N., Lindner, N.M., Devos, T., Ayala, A., Bar-Anan, Y., Bergh, R., Cai, H., Gonsalkorale, K. and Kesebir, S., 2009. National differences in genderscience stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106(26), pp.10593-10597. Pronin, E., 2007. Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment.Trends in cognitive sciences,11(1), pp.37-43. Pronin, E., 2008. How we see ourselves and how we see others.Science,320(5880), pp.1177-1180. Sikdar, A. and Mitra, S., 2012. Gender-role stereotypes: Perception and practice of leadership in the Middle East.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues,5(3), pp.146-162. Slovic, P., 2016.The perception of risk. Routledge. Spencer-Rodgers, J., Hamilton, D.L. and Sherman, S.J., 2007. The central role of entitativity in stereotypes of social categories and task groups.Journal of personality and social psychology,92(3), p.369. Walker-Smith, G.J., Gale, A.G. and Findlay, J.M., 2013. Eye movement strategies involved in face perception.Perception,42(11), pp.1120-1133. Young, A.W., Hellawell, D. and Hay, D.C., 2013. Configurational information in face perception.Perception,42(11), pp.1166-1178.