Abigail Williams of the Salem Witch Trials

Abigail Williams of the Salem Witch Trials Abigail Williams (estimated to be age 11 or 12 at the time), along with  Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, daughter of Rev. Parris and his wife Elizabeth, were the first two girls in Salem Village to be accused of witchcraft during the infamous ​Salem Witch Trials. They began exhibiting odd behaviors in mid-January of 1692, which were soon identified as being caused by witchcraft by a local doctor (presumably William Griggs) called in by Rev. Parris. Family Background Abigail Williams, who lived in the home of the Rev. Samuel Parris, has often been called a niece or kinfolk of Rev. Parris. At the time, niece may have been a general term for a younger female relative. Who her parents were, and what her relationship was to Rev. Parris, is unknown, but she may have been a household servant. Abigail and Betty were joined by Ann Putnam Jr. (daughter of a neighbor) and Elizabeth Hubbard (a niece of William Griggs who lived in the Griggs home with the doctor and his wife) in their afflictions and, then, in accusations against individuals identified as causing the afflictions. The Rev. Parris called in Rev. John Hale of Beverley and Rev. Nicholas Noyes of Salem, and several neighbors, to observe the behavior of Abigail and the others, and to question Tituba, a household slave. Abigail was a key witness against many of the early accused witches, including the first ones identified, Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good, and later Bridget Bishop, George Burroughs, Sarah Cloyce, Martha Corey, Mary Easty, Rebecca Nurse, Elizabeth Proctor,  John Proctor, John Willard and Mary Witheridge. Abigails and Bettys accusations, especially those on February 26 after the making of a witchs cake  the day before, resulted in the arrest on February 29 of Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. Thomas Putnam, Ann Putnam Jr.s father, signed the complaints as the girls were minors. On March 19, with the Rev. Deodat Lawson visiting, Abigail accused the respected Rebecca Nurse of trying to force her to sign the devils book. The next day, in the middle of the service at Salem Village Church, Abigail interrupted Rev. Lawson, claiming she saw Martha Coreys spirit separate from her body. Martha Corey was arrested and examined the next day. A warrant for the arrest of  Rebecca Nurse  was issued March 23. On March 29, Abigail Williams and Mercy Lewis accused Elizabeth Proctor of afflicting them through her specter; Abigail claimed to see John Proctors specter as well. Abigail testified that she had seen some 40 witches outside the Parris house in a ritual of drinking blood. She named Elizabeth Proctors specter as being present and named Sarah Good and Sarah Cloyce as being deacons at the ceremony. Of the legal complaints filed, Abigail Williams made 41 of them. She testified in seven of the cases. Her last testimony was June 3, a week before the first execution. Joseph Hutchinson, in trying to discredit her testimony, testified that she had said to him that she could converse with the devil as easily as she could converse with him. Abigail Williams After the Trials After her last testimony in the court records on June 3, 1692, the day that John Willard and Rebecca Nurse were indicted for witchcraft by a grand jury, Abigail Williams disappears from the historical record. Motives Speculation about Abigail Williams motives in testifying usually suggest that she wanted some attention: that as a poor relation with no real prospects in marriage (as she would have no dowry), she gained much more influence and power through her accusations of witchcraft that she would be able to do any other way. Linda R. Caporael suggested in 1976 that fungus-infected rye may have caused ergotism and hallucinations in Abigail Williams and the others. Abigail Williams in The Crucible In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, Miller depicts Williams as a 17-year-old servant in the Proctor house who tried to save John Proctor even while denouncing her mistress, Elizabeth. At the end of the play, she steals her uncles money (money which the real Rev. Parris probably did not have). Arthur Miller relied on a source that claimed that Abigail Williams became a prostitute after the period of the trials.

The eNotes Blog Mediocris Scholaris The Average Student ScholarshipContest

Mediocris Scholaris The Average Student ScholarshipContest Whether youre preparing to attend college or youre already there, youll probably have figured out by now that applying for scholarships to fulfill that expensive education is almost as difficult and as time consuming as attaining the degree itself. With the massive amount of competition out there, you might feel you have about the same chances of attaining a scholarship as you do of winning some sort of sweepstakes; there will always be somebody smarter, luckier, more talented or more involved in school than you to snatch the prize. Its hard to be that student in the middle, believe me, I know. As I found out when I was applying to universities, my parents (who were by no means well-off) earned too much for me to receive any government aid, while my grades (a 4.3 GPA) were caught in a no-mans land in the scholarship worldnot as high as my valedictorian friends, not as low as the struggling students who were given opportunities to break the cycle and go to college (quite rightly). But in all of that, I ended up with scholarship fatigue. It felt like itd never be me receiving the helping hand. How I wish the following scholarship had existed back then, when I couldve been granted a scholarship for doing what I do bestbeing me. College Humor is offering two students the opportunity to win $5,000 a piece. The requirement? Be that typical student caught in the middle. Did you sign up for 3 clubs but never attend meetings? Is your GPA a 2.1? Would some of your professors have a hard time remembering if you were in their class? If so, enter now! We hope youre not exceptional. If youre looking for ways to pay for college and are coming up short, definitely give this scholarship a go. Whats the downside of rejection, after all? That youre not average enough? Head over to the scholarships home page to watch a funny video and find out more on how to apply. Good luck!

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact Term Paper

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact - Term Paper Example The girls are shown either walking leisurely along the beaches or swimming in the waters in a manner that highlights their beauty and the serenity of the environment. In some sense, the advert reinforces the notion and stereotype of slimness and feminine beauty. This Paper will discuss the impact of swimsuit video advertisements of female audiences. The message in the video CPCA is anchored in the flow of images, which keep shifting in rapid succession. There is no use of language such that only a mellifluous melody accompanies the images. The melody is enhances the aesthetic elements of the other features in the video advert in a way that increases the visual rhetoric of the CPCA. The bright yellow, pink, and purple colors are effectively used to attract the female audiences, who comprise the primary targets of the advertisement. The images in motion effectively bring out the beauty in diverse dimensions in a way that enabled the viewer to appreciate the many different aspects of th e swimsuit. By involving models from various continents, the advert aims to give a universal quality to the message of beauty as represented in the image of the swimsuit. The theories of constructivism and symbolic interactionism as developed by Jesse Delia and George Herbert Mead respectively could be used to apply explain the meaning of this CPCA. Delia in his theory of constructivism argues that individuals whose perceptions of others are more cognitively complex will tend to have the mental capacity for constructing sophisticated message plans, which pursue multiple goals(Griffin 97). According to the theory, such individuals will possess the capacity to supply person-centered messages, which conform to the outcomes they desire (Griffin 97). This theory could be seen within the context of socio-psychological traditions. It could also be explained within the rhetorical traditions (Griffin 97). When applied to the swimsuit advert CPCA, it might be argued that the video was specifi cally tailored to suit the complex cognitive abilities of the urban young women. At the psychological and rhetoric level, the CPCA has subtle and subliminal influences that would influence the targeted audience to pursue the items and meanings used in the advert. On the other hand, the theory of symbolic interactionism holds that the actions of individuals towards people, events, or things, is largely determined by the meanings that they assign to such things (Griffin 59). When people choose to define certain situations are being real, then the consequences also become real (Griffin 59). The theory foregrounds the aspect of language as central to thought, sense of self, and the socializing presence of society in the individual (Griffin 59). Basing on the identified CPCA the target audience will connect the meaning of the advert with the notions of slimness, which they assign to beauty. At the psychological level, they will strive to imitate the models in the video as the embodiment of beauty due to the cultural and social associations they assign to them. The identified CPCA helps in the understanding of the constructivism theory and the theory of symbolic interactionism because it highlights on the value of images in promoting meaning and reactions in the target audience. The CPCA also expands on the understanding of the kind of strategies that advertisements use to appeal to the